没有冰箱的时候,人们是如何保存食物的呢?

发布于 2022-01-16 07:49

Passage 8-MIN READ

Can you imagine life before today's modern conveniences?

Here's an example: Try to picture the world before refrigerators.

Life today would be quite different without refrigerators. How did people keep their food fresh before refrigerators were around?

The first electric refrigerator was made in 1913. Before then, people found other ways to store their food. In cold areas, ancient people could freeze their food. They could then store it in ice and snow. Warmer places allowed for drying food in sunlight.

One advanced method of food storage arose in Persia around 400 BCE. People there stored food in structures called Yakhchal. These were domed buildings made from mud brick to keep ice frozen during even the warmest summer months.

During the Middle Ages, people preserved meat by salting or smoking it. They would also dry many foods, including grains. Vegetables were often salted or pickled. Many fruits were dried or turned in preserves. These foods could then be stored in cool places, like cellars and caves. This allowed people to save food for times of need during droughts and famines.

Later, buildings called ice houses or ice pits built upon the idea of the Yakhchal. They were cooled by an underground pit full of ice. A larger above-ground building covered the pit. Ice houses were very common by the 1800s. This is also when ice delivery became commonplace.

At the end of the 19th century, many people kept their food fresh in iceboxes made of wood. These cabinets held large blocks of ice to keep food cool. Ice delivery businesses grew as more homes required ice to preserve food.

By the 1930s, many people were using electric refrigerators to keep food fresh.

Does your family use a refrigerator to keep food fresh? Maybe you even practice other preservation methods.

Word List

1.conveniences [kənˈviːniənsɪz]

n.方便;适宜;便利;便利的事物(或设施);方便的用具

We have provided seats for the convenience of our customers.

为方便顾客我们备有座位。

2.storage [ˈstɔːrɪdʒ]

n.存储(方式);贮存，贮藏(空间);付费托管

I've had to put my plans into cold storage.

我不得不把我的计划暂时搁置起来。

3.frozen [ˈfrəʊzn]

adj.冻结的;冷冻的;冰封的;结冰的;冷藏的;冻僵的;极冷的;封冻的;冻硬的;吓呆的

v.冰冻;(使)冻结，结冰;(使)冻住，冻堵;严寒

Place the frozen rolls on a greased baking tray.

将冷冻的肉卷放到抹了油的烤盘上。

4.droughts [draʊts]

n.久旱;旱灾

Water allotments to farmers were cut back in the drought.

在干旱时期配给农民的水量减少。

5.delivery [dɪˈlɪvəri]

n.传送;交付;分娩;递送;演讲方式;表演风格;投球

The new delivery service has taken off in a big way.

新的递送服务迅速走红。

6.cabinets [ˈkæbɪnɪts]

n.内阁;储藏柜;陈列柜

She held office as a cabinet minister for ten years.

她担任内阁部长长达十年。

Translation

你能想象没有现代便利设施的生活吗？

举个例子：试着想象冰箱发明之前的世界是什么样。

如果没有冰箱，今天的生活将会大不相同。冰箱发明之前，人们是怎样保持食物新鲜的？

第一台电冰箱是在1913年制造的。在那之前，人们找到了其他储存食物的方法。生活在寒冷地区的人们，可以将食物冷冻起来，然后把食物储存在冰雪中。而生活在温暖地方的人们，可以在阳光下把食物晒干。

公元前400年左右，波斯出现了一种先进的储存食物的方法。那里的人们把食物储存在叫做Yakhchal的建筑里。这些圆顶建筑是用泥砖堆砌而成的，即使在温度最高的夏天也能保持冰冻。

在中世纪，人们通过腌制或烟熏来保存肉类。他们也会烘干许多食物，包括谷物。他们会用盐来腌制蔬菜。许多水果被晒干或做成蜜饯。这些食物可以储存在阴凉的地方，比如地窖和山洞。这使得人们能够在干旱和饥荒期间储存粮食以备不时之需。

后来，根据Yakhchal的想法，人们开始建造冰屋或冰坑。这种冰屋由一个装满冰的地下坑冷却。而它上面覆盖着一个更大的建筑。冰屋在19世纪随处可见。冰块运送也是在这个时候开始流行起来的。

19世纪末，许多人把食物存放在木制的冰柜里保鲜。这些柜子里装着大块冰块，使食物保持凉爽。随着越来越多的家庭需要用冰块来保存食物，冰块运送业务也随之发展起来。

到了20世纪30年代，许多人开始使用电冰箱来保鲜食物。

你们家会用冰箱保鲜食物吗？也许你还有其他保鲜方法。